Power steering apparatus

ABSTRACT

A power steering apparatus which includes an input member rotatably mounted in a valve housing, an output member rotatably and axially slidably mounted in a gear housing integral with the valve housing and arranged coaxially with the input member, a valve rotor integral with the input member, a valve sleeve rotatably mounted in the valve housing and arranged in surrounding relationship with the valve rotor, the valve sleeve being connected integrally with the output member to cooperate with the valve rotor for selectively directing fluid under pressure to opposite ends of a hydraulic power cylinder in response to relative rotation between the input and output members, a cam follower element positioned between the inner ends of the input and output members for permitting relative rotation between the input and output members, and a pressure mechanism arranged to apply fluid under pressure responsive to the vehicle speed to the outer end of the output member for increasing the resistance to relative rotation of the input member and the output member in accordance with an increase in vehicle speed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a power steering apparatus for providing a hydraulic power assist to the driver's steering effort applied to the steering wheel of an automotive vehicle, and more particularly to a power steering apparatus of the type which is capable of decreasing the hydraulic power assist in accordance with increase in of the vehicle speed.

2. Discussion of the Background

As one power steering apparatus of this kind, a power steering apparatus of the rotary valve type has been proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,034,825 issued on July 12, 1977, which power steering apparatus comprises a valve housing, an input member in the form of an inner rotating valve sleeve rotatably mounted in the valve housing, an output member arranged coaxially with the input member for relative rotation, and an outer valve sleeve rotatably coupled over the inner valve sleeve and connected integrally with the output member to cooperate with the inner valve sleeve in response to relative rotation between the input and output members to thereby selectively direct fluid under pressure from a source of hydraulic pressure to opposite ends of a hydraulic power cylinder. In this prior proposal, a torsion bar is adapted to interconnect the input and output members for permitting relative rotation between the input and output members, a pair of axial recesses are formed in the inner valve sleeve, and a pair of balls are positioned in the axial recesses and caged in a pair of radial bores in the thick end part of the outer valve sleeve to effect the resistance to relative displacement between the inner and outer valve sleeves. The balls are further arranged to be subjected to hydraulic pressure from a secondary hydraulic pump responsive to the vehicle speed. Thus, the balls act to increase the resistance to relative displacement between the inner and outer valve sleeves in proportion to the vehicle speed. In such arrangement, the assembly of the input and output members in the valve housing is complicated due to provision of the torsion bar. Additionally, it is required to maintain the hydraulic pressure applied to the balls at a high level for effecting the resistance to relative rotation between the inner and outer valve sleeves, resulting in power loss of the prime mover of the vehicle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to provide a power steering apparatus wherein a cam follower element is adapted to permit relative rotation between input and output members without provision of a torsion bar as described above, and wherein the output member is applied at its one end with a hydraulic pressure from a source of hydraulic pressure responsive to the vehicle speed for increasing the resistance to relative rotation between the input and output members in accordance with an increase in the vehicle speed.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a power steering apparatus, having the above-described characteristics, wherein the hydraulic pressure applied to the output member can be maintained at a relatively low level.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a power steering apparatus, having the above-described characteristics, the torsional rigidity of which is reliably ensured in a simple construction.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a power steering apparatus, having the above-described characteristics, capable of adjusting in a simple manner a hydraulic power assist to the driver's steering effort applied to the steering wheel.

According to the present invention there is provided a power steering apparatus for an automotive vehicle including a primary source of hydraulic pressure, a secondary source of hydraulic pressure responsive to the vehicle speed for supply of fluid under pressure proportional to the vehicle speed, and a hydraulic power cylinder for providing a hydraulic power assist to the driver's effort applied to the steering wheel of the vehicle. The power steering apparatus comprises a housing, an input member rotatably mounted in the housing, an output member rotatably and axially slidably mounted in the housing and arranged coaxially with the input member for relative rotation, a valve rotor integral with the input member, a valve sleeve rotatably mounted in the housing and arranged in surrounding relationship with the valve rotor, the valve sleeve being connected with the output member to cooperate with the valve rotor for selectively directing fluid under pressure from the primary source to opposite ends of the power cylinder in response to relative rotation between the input and output members, cam means positioned between inner ends of the input and output members for permitting relative rotation of the input member and the output member and effecting axial movement of the output member upon the application of a predetermined manual torque to the input member, and a pressure mechanism arranged to apply a hydraulic pressure from the secondary source to the output member in its axial direction for increasing the resistance to relative rotation between the input and output members in accordance with an increase in vehicle speed.

In the actual practice of the present invention, it is preferable that the cam means comprises a cam follower element positioned in the inner end of the output member and fixed to the same, the cam follower element being formed with a pair of solid cam surfaces, and the input member being formed at its inner end with a pair of recessed cam surfaces which confront with the solid cam surfaces. It is further preferable that the pressure mechanism comprises a piston axially slidable in an end portion of the housing located at the outer end of the output member and being in engagement with the outer end of the output member, a closure member detachably coupled within the end portion of the housing to associate with the piston to define a pressure chamber in communication with the secondary source.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects and attendant advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof when considered in connection with the attached drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates in cross sectional form a power steering apparatus in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cam follower element assembled in the power steering apparatus.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring now to the drawings, there is illustrated a power steering apparatus of the rack and pinion type in accordance with the present invention. The power steering apparatus includes a valve housing 11 that has an input member or shaft 12 rotatably mounted therein by means of a ball bearing 27a. The valve housing 11 is formed integrally with a gear housing 13 that has an output member 14 in the form of a pinion shaft rotatably and axially slidably mounted therein by means of a ball bearing 27b. The output member 14 is also rotatably and axially slidably supported at its inner end portion by means of sleeve-like bushes 26 in the valve housing 11. Thus, the output member 14 is arranged to be axially movable in a slight distance. The input and output members 12 and 14 are coaxially arranged and coupled at their inner ends through a cam follower element 24 for relative rotation. The input member 12 is adapted to be connected to the steering shaft and steering wheel (not shown) of the automotive vehicle in which the power steering apparatus is mounted. The output member or pinion shaft 14 is permanently in mesh with a rack member 15 which is connected to a power piston 41a in a hydraulic power cylinder 41 as is schematically illustrated in the figure. The rack member 15 is further operatively connected to the steerable road wheels of the vehicle tnrough a standard linkage mechanism (not shown).

An intermediate portion of the input member 12 is formed as a valve rotor 21 which is coupled within a valve sleeve 22 for relative rotation. The valve rotor 21 is formed in its outer circumference with a plurality of circumferentially equi-spaced axial grooves 21a of semicircular cross-section and is formed therein with a plurality of radial passages 21b which communicate a part of the axial grooves 21a into an internal axial bore 21c in the input member 12. The valve rotor 21 is further formed therein with a radial passage 21d which extends across the outer end of internal axial bore 21c and is located above the valve sleeve 11. The valve sleeve 22 is arranged in surrounding relationship with the valve rotor 21 and connected to the inner end of output member 14 by means of a lateral pin 23 in such a manner as to permit axial movement of the output member. 14. Thus, the valve sleeve 22 cooperates with the valve rotor 21 to provide a standard rotary change-over valve.

In the above arrangement, the valve sleeve 22 is formed in its inner circumference with a plurality of circumferentially equi-spaced axial grooves 22a and formed in its outer circumference with first and second annular grooves 22b and 22c. A part of axial grooves 22a is in open communication with the first annular groove 22b, while the other part of axial grooves 22a is in open communication with the second annular groove 22c. The first annular groove 22b is connected to a right-hand pressure chamber R₁ in power cylinder 41 by way of a hydraulic fluid circuit 41a, while the second annular groove 22c is connected to a left-hand pressure chamber R₂ in power cylinder 41 by way of a hydraulic fluid circuit 41b. The valve sleeve 22 is further formed in its outer circumference with a third annular groove 22d which is connected through a hydraulic fluid circuit 42a to a primary source of fluid under pressure in the form of a hydraulic pump driven by a prime mover of the vehicle. The third annular groove 22d is alternately in open communication with the internal axial grooves 22a in a usual manner. A fluid chamber R₃ defined by the upper end of valve sleeve 22 is in open communication with the internal axial bore 21c through radial passage 21d and is connected to a reservoir tank R by way of a hydraulic fluid circuit 42b.

When relative rotation occurs between the input member 12 and the output member 14, fluid under pressure from the source of hydraulic pressure is supplied into the third annular groove 22d in valve sleeve 22 by way of the fluid circuit 42a and is selectively supplied to one of the pressure chambers R₁ and R₂ in power cylinder 41 across one part of the axial grooves 22a, one of the annular grooves 22b and 22c, and one of the fluid circuits 41a and 41b, while the exhaust fluid from the other pressure chamber R₂ or R₁ in power cylinder 41 is discharged into the reservoir tank R by way of the other fluid circuit 41b or 41a, annular groove 22c or 22b, radial passages 21b, internal axial bore 21c, radial passage 21d and fluid circuit 42b. This will provide a hydraulic power assist to the driver's steering effort applied to the steering wheel during turning maneuvers of the vehicle.

In the power steering apparatus, it should be noted that the cam follower element 24 is provided to permit relative rotation between the input and output members 12 and 14 under a variable pressure applied to the outer end of output member 14 from a pressure mechanism 30. As can be well seen in FIG. 2, the cam follower element 24 is in the form of a columnar piece 24a which is formed at its head with a pair of solid cam surfaces 24b, 24b. The columnar cam piece 24a is positioned in an axial bore 14a in the inner end portion of output member 14 and is integrally fixed to the inner end portion of output member 14 by means of a lateral pin 25. The input member 12 is formed in its inner end 12a with a pair of recessed cam surfaces 12b, 12b which confront with the solid cam surfaces 24b, 24b of columnar cam piece 24a. The gear housing 13 is formed in its lower end portion with an opening 13a which is closed in a fluid-tight manner by a closure member or plug 16 detachably threaded therein.

The pressure mechanism 30 comprises a piston 31 and a dish spring 32 mounted in the lower opening 13a. The piston 31 cooperates with the closure member 16 to define a variable pressure chamber R₄, which piston 31 is in engagement with the outer end of output member 14. The dish spring 32 is supported on the inner end of closure member 16 to bias the output member 14 axially inwards through the piston 31 to thereby eliminate lost motion or backlash in engagement between the recessed cam surfaces 12b, 12b and the solid cam surfaces 24b, 24b. The dish spring 32 can be replaced with another dish spring by removal of the closure plug 16. The pressure chamber R₄ is connected tp a secondary source of fluid under pressure responsive to the vehicle speed, which source may comprise a hydraulic pump 43 driven by a propeller shaft of the vehicle, a manually adjustable orifice means 44 for regulating an initial hydraulic pressure applied to the pressure chamber R₄, and a relief valve 45 for determining a maximum value of the hydraulic pressure. Thus, the pressure mechanism 30 is arranged to increase the resistance to relative rotation between the input and output members 12 and 14 in accordance with an increase in the vehicle speed.

Assuming that the input member 12 is applied with an input torque in steering operation, the cam follower element 24 will act tp permit relative rotation between the input and output members 12 and 14 and to effect axial movement of the output member 14 against the load of dish spring 32 in accordance with the driver's steering effort applied to the steering wheel. If the pressure in chamber R₄ is below a predetermined level at which power assistance is needed, relative rotation between the valve rotor 21 and the valve sleeve 22 will occur in response to the axial movement of output member 14. As a result, the rotary change-over valve will act to establish fluid communication between one of the pressure chambers R₁ and R₂ in power cylinder 41 and the pressure supply circuit and to establish fluid communication between the other pressure chamber in power cylinder 41 and the exhaust circuit. Thus, the resulting pressure differential across the power piston 41a provides a hydraulic power assist to the driver's steering effort applied to the steering wheel.

If the pressure in chamber R₄ increases in accordance with increase of the vehicle speed, the axial movement of output member 14 is restricted in accordance with increase of the pressure in chamber R₄ to decrease the relative rotation between the valve rotor 21 and the valve sleeve 22. As a result, the rotary change-over valve will act to decrease the level of hydraulic pressure applied to the power cylinder 41. Thus, the hydraulic power assistance to the driver's steering effort will decrease in accordance with increase of the vehicle speed. If the pressure in chamber R₄ is in excess of the predetermined level, the cam follower element 24 does not permit relative rotation between the input and output members 12 and 14. Thus, the rotary motion applied to the input member 12 is applied directly to the output member 14 to operate the steering apparatus as a manual gear.

In the construction of the power steering apparatus described above, provision of the cam follower element 24 and the associated pressure mechanism 30 serves to enhance torsional rigidity of the steering apparatus without provision of a conventional torsion bar. As the cam follower element 24 is previously applied with the load of dish spring 32, the initial pressure in chamber R₄ of the pressure mechanism 30 can be regulated at a relatively low level. The drive's steering effort can be adjusted in a simple manner by replacement of the dish spring 32.

Although in the above embodiment, the cam follow element 24 is assembled in the inner end of output member 14, it may be assembled in the inner end of input member 12. In such a case, the recessed cam surfaces 12b, 12b are formed in the inner end of output member 14. It is also noted that the valve rotor 21 may be replaced with an independent valve rotor integrally connected to the input member 12. Furthermore, the secondary source of fluid under pressure for the pressure mechanism may be arranged to be responsive to a lateral acceleration of the vehicle, the speed of steering operation and the like.

Although a specific embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it is obvious that many modifications thereof are possible. The invention, therefore, is not intended to be restricted to the exact showing of the drawings and description thereof, but is considered to include reasonable and obvious equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A power steering apparatus for an automotive vehicle including rack means for actuating a steering mechanism, a primary source of fluid under pressure, a secondary source of fluid under pressure and responsive to the vehicle speed for supply of fluid under pressure proportional to the vehicle speed, and a hydraulic power cylinder for providing a hydraulic power assist to the driver's steering effort applied to the steering mechanism of the vehicle, the power steering apparatus comprising:a housing; an input member rotatably mounted in said housing; an output pinion member directly connected to said rack means for actuating said steering mechanism, said output pinion member being rotatably and axially slidably mounted in said housing and arranged coaxially with said input member for relative rotation; a valve rotor integral with said input member; a valve sleeve rotatably mounted in said housing and arranged in surrounding relationship with said valve rotor, said valve sleeve being connected integrally with said output member to cooperate with said valve rotor for selectively directing fluid under pressure from said primary source to opposite ends of said power cylinder in response to relative rotation between said input member and said output pinion member; cam means positioned between inner ends of said input member and said output pinion member and directly connected to said output pinion member in such a manner as to permit relative rotation of said input member and said output pinion member and to effect axial movement of said output pinion member upon the application of a predetermined manual torque to said input member; and pressure means arranged to apply a hydraulic pressure to said output pinion member in an axial direction thereof from said secondary source for increasing the resistance to relative rotation between said input member and said output pinion member in accordance with an increase in vehicle speed.
 2. A power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said cam means comprises a cam follower element positioned in the inner end of said output member and fixed to the same, said cam follower element being formed with a pair of solid cam surfaces, and said input member being formed in its inner end with a pair of recessed cam surfaces which confront with said solid cam surfaces.
 3. A power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said pressure means comprises a resilient member arranged to bias said output member toward said cam means for applying an intial resistance to relative rotation between said input and output members.
 4. A power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said pressure means comprises a piston axially slidable in an end portion of said housing located at an outer end of said output member and which is in engagement with the outer end of said output member, and a closure member coupled within the end portion of said housing to associate with said piston to define a pressure chamber in communication with said secondary source of fluid under pressure.
 5. A power steering apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said pressure means further comprises a resilient member supported on the inner end of said closure member and being in engagement with said piston for biasing said output pinion member toward said cam means.
 6. A power steering apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said closure member is detachably coupled within the end portion of said housing for replacement of said resilient member.
 7. A power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said valve rotor is integrally formed with an intermediate portion of said input member.
 8. A power steering apparatus for an automotive vehicle including means for actuating a steering mechanism, a primary source of fluid under pressure, a secondary source of fluid under pressure and responsive to the vehicle speed for supply of fluid under pressure proportional to the vehicle speed, and a hydraulic power cylinder for providing a hydraulic power assist to the driver's steering effort applied to the steering mechanism of the vehicle, the power steering apparatus, comprising:a housing; an input member rotatably mounted in said housing; an output member directly connected to said means for actuating said steering mechanism, said output member being rotatably and axially slidably mounted in said housing and arranged coaxially with said input member for relative rotation; a valve rotor integral with said input member; a valve sleeve rotatably mounted in said housing and arranged in surrounding relationship with said valve rotor, said valve sleeve being connected integrally with said output member to cooperate with said valve rotor for selectively directing fluid under pressure from said primary source to opposite ends of said power cylinder in response to relative rotation between said input and output members; cam means positioned between inner ends of said input and output members and directly connected to said output member in such a manner as to permit relative rotation of said input and output members and to effect axial movement of said output member upon the application of a predetermined manual torque to said input member; and pressure means arranged to apply a hydraulic pressure to said output member in an axial direction thereof from said secondary source for increasing the resistance to relative rotation between said input and output members in accordance with an increase in vehicle speed, wherein said output member 14 comprises a pinion shaft in mesh with a rack bar which is operatively connected to said hydraulic power cylinder and to the steerable road wheels of the vehicle. 